Coj koj kom nkag siab hemoglobin

01 Dab tsi yog hemoglobin
Cov lus Askiv luv luv rau hemoglobin yog HGB lossis Hb.Hemoglobin yog cov protein tshwj xeeb uas thauj cov pa oxygen hauv cov qe ntshav liab.Nws yog cov protein uas ua rau ntshav liab.Nws yog tsim los ntawm Globin thiab heme.Chav ntsuas ntsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm hemoglobin ib liter (1000 ml) ntawm cov ntshav.Kev siv tus nqi ntawm hemoglobin thiab cov qe ntshav liab zoo ib yam, thiab qhov nce thiab txo qis ntawm hemoglobin tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qe ntshav liab nce thiab txo qis.
Tus nqi siv ntawm hemoglobin txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog.Kev siv ntau yam yog raws li nram no: tus neeg laus txiv neej: 110-170g / L, laus poj niam: 115-150g / L, yug tshiab: 145-200g / L
02 hemoglobin qis dua li qub
Kev txo qis hauv hemoglobin tuaj yeem muab faib ua physiological thiab pathological hloov pauv.Kev txo qis pathological feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntshav qab zib, thiab cov laj thawj feem ntau suav nrog:
① Cov pob txha pob txha hematopoietic tsis ua haujlwm, xws li aplastic anemia, leukemia, myeloma, thiab pob txha pob txha fibrosis;
② Hematopoietic tshuaj tsis txaus lossis kev siv teeb meem, xws li Iron-deficiency anemia, sideroblastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, erythropenia (folic acid thiab vitamin B deficiency);
③ Mob ntshav qab zib thiab mob ntev, xws li ntshav poob tom qab phais lossis raug mob, peptic ulcer, kab mob Parasitic;
④ Kev puas tsuaj ntau dhau ntawm cov qe ntshav, xws li cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinopathy txawv txav, hemolytic anemia;
⑤ Anemia tshwm sim los yog nrog rau lwm yam kab mob (xws li mob, kab mob siab, kab mob endocrine).
Thaum muaj ntau yam kev mob ntshav qab zib tshwm sim, vim muaj ntau theem ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov qe ntshav liab, qhov txo qis hauv cov qe ntshav liab thiab hemoglobin zoo ib yam.Kev ntsuas hemoglobin tuaj yeem siv los nkag siab txog qib ntawm cov ntshav ntshav, tab sis txhawm rau nkag siab ntxiv txog hom ntshav qab zib, suav cov qe ntshav liab thiab kuaj morphological, nrog rau lwm cov cim qhia txog cov qe ntshav liab, yuav tsum tau ua.
03 Hemoglobin ntau dua li qub
Qhov nce hauv hemoglobin tuaj yeem muab faib ua physiological thiab pathological nce.Kev nce siab ntawm lub cev yog tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw siab, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv, fetuses, cov menyuam yug tshiab, thiab cov neeg noj qab haus huv nyob hauv qhov chaw siab siab yuav muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv hemoglobin thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hnyav lossis ua haujlwm hnyav.Cov pa oxygen concentration hauv huab cua ntawm qhov siab siab yog qis dua li ntawm qhov chaw.Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov xav tau oxygen txaus, lub cev yuav muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog, cov qe ntshav liab yuav nce ntxiv, uas yuav ua rau nce hemoglobin.Qhov no feem ntau hu ua "hypererythrosis", uas yog mob roob siab.Ib yam li ntawd, cov fetuses thiab cov me nyuam mos, vim yog ib puag ncig hypoxic hauv lub tsev menyuam, muaj cov qib hemoglobin siab, uas tuaj yeem poob mus rau qhov qub ntawm cov neeg laus cov qauv tom qab 1-2 lub hlis yug.Thaum peb pib ua haujlwm hnyav lossis ua haujlwm hnyav, peb yuav muaj kev tawm hws ntau dhau, uas ua rau cov ntshav viscosity thiab hemoglobin nce ntxiv.
Pathological elevation tuaj yeem muab faib ua qhov siab ntawm tus txheeb ze thiab qhov siab kawg.Tus txheeb ze nce feem ntau yog ib qho kev xav tsis zoo ib ntus los ntawm qhov txo qis ntawm cov ntshav plasma thiab qhov txheeb ze nce ntawm cov khoom pom hauv cov ntshav.Nws yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov concentration ntawm cov ntshav dehydrated, thiab feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm ntuav hnyav, ntau raws plab, hws ntau, kub hnyiab heev, Mob ntshav qab zib insipidus, thiab siv cov tshuaj diuretics ntau.
Kev nce ntxiv yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia, nce qib erythropoietin hauv cov ntshav, thiab nrawm tso cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm cov pob txha, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv:
① Primary Polycythemia: Nws yog tus kab mob myeloproliferative, uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv kev kho mob.Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov tawv nqaij liab tsaus nti tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce ntawm cov qe ntshav liab thiab tag nrho cov ntshav ntim, nrog rau kev nce ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb thiab platelets.
② Secondary Polycythemia: pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob plawv pulmonary, obstructive Emphysema, cyanotic Congenital heart defect thiab kab mob hemoglobin txawv txav;Nws muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qee cov qog nqaij hlav thiab cov kab mob raum, xws li mob qog noj ntshav raum, mob qog nqaij hlav hepatocellular, Uterine fibroid, cancer ntawm zes qe menyuam, lub raum embryoma thiab Hydronephrosis, polycystic raum, thiab hloov lub raum;Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv qhov nce ntawm cov concentration ntawm tsev neeg spontaneous erythropoietin thiab nce cov qe ntshav liab los ntawm cov tshuaj.
04 Hemoglobin hauv Kev Ua Si
Cov neeg ncaws pob muaj ntau yam kev hloov hemoglobin, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej.Txawm hais tias cov tib neeg siab lossis qis hemoglobin, qhov hloov pauv ntawm lawv cov hemoglobin thaum lub sijhawm kev cob qhia yog feem ntau ua raws li qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tawm dag zog, thiab ob qho tib si tseem nyob hauv qee qhov kev hloov pauv.Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam hemoglobin, txhawm rau muab ntau lub hom phiaj kev ntsuas thiab kev taw qhia rau kev cob qhia, kev ntsuam xyuas tus kheej yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv hemoglobin ntawm txhua tus neeg ncaws pob.
Thaum pib ntawm kev siv zog siab, cov neeg ncaws pob muaj qhov txo qis hauv Hb, tab sis qhov txo qis feem ntau nyob rau hauv 10% ntawm lawv tus kheej qhov nruab nrab, thiab yuav tsis muaj qhov muaj peev xwm ua kis las.Tom qab ib theem ntawm kev cob qhia, thaum lub cev hloov mus rau qhov kev tawm dag zog, qhov concentration ntawm Hb yuav nce ntxiv, nce li ntawm 10% piv rau nws qhov nruab nrab, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev muaj peev xwm kis las.Lub sijhawm no, cov neeg ncaws pob feem ntau ua tau zoo dua hauv kev sib tw;Yog tias qib Hb tseem tsis tau nce lossis txawm tias pom qhov kev poob qis tom qab ib theem ntawm kev cob qhia, dhau ntawm tus nqi pib ntawm 10% mus rau 15%, nws qhia tau tias qhov kev tawm dag zog yog siab thiab lub cev tseem tsis tau hloov mus rau qhov kev tawm dag zog. thauj khoom.Lub sijhawm no, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev kho cov phiaj xwm kev cob qhia thiab kev sib tw, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev noj zaub mov ntxiv.
Yog li thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev soj ntsuam hemoglobin, nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog kev ua si loj kev cob qhia, endurance kev cob qhia, los yog ceev ceev rau cov neeg ncaws pob, uas yuav pab tau cov kws qhia xaiv cov ntaub ntawv.
05 Kev kuaj hemoglobin
Kev kuaj pom ntawm hemoglobin yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav hauv tsev kho mob rau kev kuaj mob, thiab cov kev ntsuas feem ntau yog cov ntshav kuaj ntshav kuaj ntshav colorimetry.Los ntawm kev siv lub ntsuas ntshav ntsuas ntshav, qhov concentration ntawm hemoglobin tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.Hauv cov tsev kho mob dav dav, kev suav hemoglobin tsis tas yuav tsum tau kuaj cais, thiab kev kuaj ntshav niaj hnub suav nrog kev ntsuas hemoglobin suav.
06 Portable hemoglobin analyzer
Portablehemoglobin analyzeryog ib qho tshuaj ntsuam xyuas uas siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub teeb pom kev los xyuas qhov concentration ntawm hemoglobin nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg capillaries lossis cov leeg.Hemoglobin Metertuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim.Nws yog ib qho me me, txav tau yooj yim, yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab ceev nrooj kom pom cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov sawb qhuavSaib xyuas hemoglobin.Nrog tsuas yog ib qho poob ntawm cov ntshav ntiv tes, tus neeg mob qib hemoglobin (Hb) thiab hematocrit (HCT) tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv 10 vib nas this.Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov tsev kho mob hauv txhua qib kom ua tiav qhov ntsuas kev saib xyuas, thiab tsim nyog rau kev txhawb nqa thiab siv hauv zej zog kev kuaj xyuas lub cev.Cov txheej txheem kuaj pom ib txwm xav kom sau cov ntshav kuaj thiab xa rov qab mus rau chav kuaj sim, uas yog qhov ua haujlwm hnyav thiab tsis yooj yim rau cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg mob thiab lawv tsev neeg raws sijhawm.Txawm li cas los xij, portable hemoglobin meters muab kev daws teeb meem zoo dua rau qhov no.